Movers And Board Of Education Of Topeka, Dr. Martin Luther...

Movers and Shakers in Education The movers and shakers in education have sacrificed so much of their lives. The educators and other events that have established techniques to allow every child to have a successful and proper education, and for every child an equal opportunity to have a bright future. The Civil Rights Act, the Meriam Report, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, and One Laptop per Child are four of the movers and shakers in education I will attempt to write about. When you hear the word of the event: â€Å"Civil Rights Act†, one may think of freedom, equality for all, and unity. Because of great leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., and also other leaders who fought for African Americans to be treated equally, the Civil Rights Act was established. The Civil Rights Act is our nation’s greatest of the civil rights legislation. This act was established in 1964, and it put an end to segregated schooling. Even though the law was passed that all schoo ls must no longer be segregated; many white people did not comply to the new law or rule. â€Å"Just as the movement to prohibit racial discrimination began with schools, so did the movement to make racial discrimination a constitutional requirement. School racial segregation came to a quick and complete end as a result of the Act, but school racial separation did not. Nonracial neighborhood assignment in areas of residential racial concentration resulted in racially concentrated schools. Civil rights

Binge Drinking Among College Students Free Essays

Joel Castaneda August 3, 2011 HSC 421 Prof. Garrido Binge Drinking Among College Students With extreme rates of binge drinking among young adults, college students continue to be a primary focus for a range of alcohol prevention efforts. The rates of binge drinking among college students is nearly double the rates for high school students, which may indicate that the college environment encourages high risk drinking. We will write a custom essay sample on Binge Drinking Among College Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many students view heavy drinking as a rite of passage that everyone must go through in life and be looked at as being â€Å"cool. Young adults aged 18-22 enrolled full-time in a college were more likely than their peers not enrolled full time to use alcohol, drink heavily, and binge drink (Cremeens, 1). Half of these binge drinkers who binge drink do so more than once a week. Binge drinking on college campuses has become a recognized activity to do being influences from either other college students or friends, followed by harmful effects on a student’s body even resulting death. Binge drinking results from a student’s submission to peer pressure, the lack of outside control over the student, and the denial that drinking leads to severe consequences. Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more drinks in a row for women in about two hours. Many students participate in binge drinking to be socially accepted into a group, but other students find it difficult to make the choice to be the sober. Many binge drinkers realize that there is little immediate outside influence to push them away from the alcohol and they abuse their independence (Norman, 2011). Most binge drinkers do not consider themselves to be problem drinkers; which adds to the difficulty in solving this college epidemic. They associate binge drinking with a good time, but many are blind to the harm it causes, such as failing grades and unplanned sexual encounters which may lead to sexually transmitted diseases or unplanned pregnancies. Binge drinking has become an accepted part of the college experience for many students. Although there are other reasons a student may choose to binge drink, the influence of friends, the lack of outside control and the denial of drinking-related problems are the main forces driving the need to consume alcohol to the point of physical harm. The extreme denial that the alcohol can cause severe problems lies at the root of the college binge drinking crisis. Once students have an established binge drinking habit, they do not want to believe that something that helps them forget their responsibilities could be harmful. In many situations, binge drinking goes undetected because people believe if their friends are engaging in the same drinking habits, they must be acceptable. Women who regularly compare their drinking to men’s drinking are more likely to underestimate the severity of their drinking. When young girls start drinking at such an early age, their brain starts developing and it interferes with their brain activation. This can become a problem because it might have negative impacts on concentration and can cause problems when driving, playing sports involving complex moves, using a map or remembering how to get somewhere. Since this has become such a problem on college campuses, many universities have implemented a variety of programs as a means to reduce heavy drinking to try and reduce the misperceptions of college drinking of students. The theory of Planned Behavior is utilized as a framework for predicting binge drinking among young college students. According to the TPB, the cause of this behavior is due to the individual’s intention to engage in the behavior which is determined by three constructs. First, is the individual’s attitude towards the behavior. Second is the individual’s perception of the social pressure from important others to perform or not perform the behavior. Third is the individual’s perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, which is seen to cover the influence of both internal and external control factors (Norman, P. Conner, M. , 26). Constructs that make up the Theory of Planned Behavior are attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior. The Health Belied Model is another theoretical foundation for researching binge drinking. This model is a value-expectancy theory, meaning everyone has the desire to avoid an illness or get well and the belief that a specific behavior will prevent the illness from occurring. In relation to this study, a parent wants their child to avoid heavy drinking during their college years, and the belief that a parent has some influence on their child behavior to prevent heavy drinking (Cremeens, 3). Constructs that make up the Health Belief Model are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. As a model of health behavior, the Transtheoretical Model potentially offers a mechanism to identify and describe processes that are purported to motivate, prepare and assist individuals in realizing behavior change. This model has also had a significant impact on the way the substance use disorders are understood and treated. It has also examined the extent to which the TTM stage paradigm offers an apt description of individuals with substance use problems, and their readiness to change their substance use problems, and their readiness to change their substance user behavior (Migneault, Adams, Read, 438). Constructs that make up the Transtheoretical Model are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Using the Transtheoretical Model, heavy drinkers might be asked if they are planning to reduce their drinking to a smaller amount within the next six months. Based on their responses they would be assigned to precontemplation, contemplation or preparation stages to see if they do have intent to change their behavior. This model is usually used for behaviors that can be changed in the long run and not immediately. In the other hand the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior is used for shorter amount of time. Along with, the Health belief Model is used as a framework to explore parent-child communication patterns among first-year college students as a mean of reducing heavy drinking (Cremeens, 4). Parents try to talk to their children and let them know what they might expect in college and be aware of the dangers behind it. For example, reminding them of a family member or a good friend of their dying in a car accident due to drunk driving. This will usually help students realize that driving while under the influence is not a fun thing to do. Compared to the other two models, the Theory of Planned Behavior is the only one that deals with the individual’s intention to engage in the behavior. Using the other two, someone else has to influence a person to stop drinking. The individual’s attitude is important, they know that drinking is bad for them so they want to stop drinking and stay sober or at least not drink as much. All three of the models have to do with the attitude being the strongest predictor of binge drinking intentions by not caring about what harm they can cause to their bodies when they drink. Lastly, models and theories discuss that excessive drinking for a long period of time, causes higher levels of temptation to drink and lower levels of confidence to stop drinking. Binge drinking is common and dangerous but is not a well-organized public health program. There are some recommendations that can be done to try and lower the number the number of young adults that perform this behavior. The U. S. Government can promote programs and policies that work to prevent binge drinking. They can also provide states and communities with information and tools to put into practice prevention strategies that work. Along with, they can evaluate programs and policy effectiveness that are already in place and track trends in binge drinking. States can review interventions that are known to work to reduce binge drinking adopted by local leaders. The state can also reduce alcohol marketing to the youth. Most importantly, they can grow partnerships between schools, community organizations, law enforcement, and public health agencies to reduce binge drinking. Furthermore, doctors, nurses, and other providers can choose not to binge drink themselves. They can screen patients for binge drinking and use behavioral counseling to reduce problem drinking. Lastly, they can support community efforts to reduce binge drinking by passing out flyers explaining the dangers and results of drinking. All people can choose not to binge drink themselves and help others not to do it. Not drinking and driving and if you plan on drinking take a sober designated driver. Choose not to drink if they teens, pregnant, or may become pregnant. Talking with a health care provider about their drinking behavior and requesting counseling if they drink too much can be recommended. Lastly, people can participate in community efforts to prevent underage and binge drinking (CDC, 2010). Deciding what role alcohol will play is a choice that every student must make. Having friends who drink, a lack of control from outside sources and the denial of the consequences of binging are not excuses for drinking excessively. Drinking with friends can seem more tempting than studying, feeling stressed out, bored or lonely, but as many students find out, the consequences are not worth the short-term relief. In reality, the emotional regret of an unplanned sexual encounter or failing grades outweighs any temporary negative feelings. Drinking as a result of any of these causes demonstrates a weakness in character and the inability to make educated decisions. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2010). Binge drinking: what can be done? Atlanta, GA: Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/vitalsigns/BingeDrinking/WhatCanBeDone. html Cremeens, J. L. , Usdan, S. L. , Brock-Martin, A. , Martin, R. J. , Watkins, K. (2008). PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION TO REDUCE HEAVY ALCOHOL USE AMONG FIRST-YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS. College Student Journal, 42(1), 152-163. Migneault, J. P. , Adams, T. B. , Read, J. P. (2005). Application of the transtheoretical model to substance abuse: historical development and future directions. Drug and Alcohol Review, doi: 10. 1080/09595230500290866 Norman, P. (2011). The theory of planned behavior and binge drinking among undergraduate students: Assessing the impact of habit strength. Addictive Behaviors, 36(5), 502-507. doi:10. 1016/j. addbeh. 2011. 01. 025 Norman, P. , Conner, M. (2006). The theory of planned behavior and binge drinking: assesing the moderating role of past behavior withing the theory of planned behavior. British Journal of Health Psychology, (11), doi: 10. 1348/135910705X43741 How to cite Binge Drinking Among College Students, Essay examples

Prevalence of Dementia

Question: Prepare a detailed project plan for an innovation in chronic disease health education, promotion, prevention or management for an Australian community. Explore how you anticipate it will improve health outcomes for the chosen community? Answer: Dementia is a condition that is connected to a number of disease and is featured by the impairment of brain functions like memory, understanding and reasoning. Early symptoms include difficulty in remembering and later it the symptoms may be worse like difficulty in performing day to day activities. The major cause of dementia is Alzheimers disease. The second cause of dementia is Vascular dementia and the other causes are front temporal lobar degeneration and dementia with Lewy bodies (Ratnavalli E et al, 2002). For the Australians Dementia is a major health crisis. As estimated 222,100 people in Australia suffered from it in 2011 and this is to increase to 464,000 by 2031. Few people get the support from the family and friends and the others depend on support from the organizations or the paid support. The interventions provide improvement in disabilities and functioning but do not suppress of the disease. In the later paragraphs the frequency, causes, the prevalence, the modifiabl e and non modifiable risk factors, the services used up by the patients, the mortality rates are given. All these things are explained in detail. Prevalence of Dementia It is increasing with age and its an inevitable part of ageing and affect young people also. It is increasing due to population ageing and the growth in population. It affects few people who are under 65 that is 1 in 4 and who are 85 years of age. The prevalence in female is far more than males, especially in their old age. This id due to the long life of males and the prove that the dementia is a old age disease probably. The studies show that the rate of dementia is higher than given in the data collected. The AIHW is coming up with new methods that gives more accuracy to the prevalence results and the projection. In studies it has been seen the victims of Dementia are higher in the Indigenous Australians. In a study of Kimberley region of the Northern Territory, the rate of Dementia was 12% in the Aboriginal peoples who are 45 years of age or more than that. Here the Dementia is more common in males than females. The reason behind this is the low social and health profiles among t hese Aboriginal Australians (Seeher et al. 2011). Causes and the types of dementia Many conditions prevails in humans that can cause Dementia. Of them the most common are explained below: Alzheimer disease: It is approx for 50 to 80% of the Dementia conditions which cause abnormal plaques and tangles in the human brain. Vascular dementia: It is the damage of the brain that is due to cerebrovascular diseases like stroke. Lewy bodies: In this abnormal proteins known as lewy bodies develop in brain cells.that affects the functions of brain (Draper 2011). Fronto temporal lobe dementia: It is the damage to the front part of the brains in which there are symptoms that are related to the personality and behaviors in the intial stages of Dementia. Other type: They are alcohol induced dementia, head injury dementia, Parkinsons disease dementia and Huntington dementia. Risk Factors The frequency of occurrence of dementia is a major concern. The risk factors are being researched out to stop the frequency of occurrence. Risk factors are the determinants to tell about the basic causes of the dementia (Sager et al, 2006). The risk factors are of two categories the modifiable and the non modifiable. The non-modifiable risk factors for dementia are explained below: Age: The frequency increases with the age. About 1 in 30 Australians who is between 70 to 74 is having dementia, 1 in 8 Australians aging between 80 to 84 have dementia. About 1 in 3 Australians who is between 90 to 94 have dementia (Berr et al, 2005). The female who are aged are more prone towards the disease than the males. Genetics: There are inherited genes in the various forms of dementia that includes Alzheimers diseases, down syndrome, familial front temporal dementia. The inherited genes sometimes become a cause of the condition. The modifiable risk factors for dementia are explained below:The brain factors that can be controlled are: Mental activities: Facing mental activities regularly like education, occupation or leisure are associated with lowering the risks of dementia and cognitive declines (Harvey et al, 2003). Social activities: Indulging in social activity and being connected to family and friends lowers the risk of getting dementia as it helps the brain to function positively (Weitzel, 2011). The body factors that can be controlled are: Alcohol: Drinking too much alcohol damages the brain and causes a high risk of dementia and other cognitive diseases (Neal, 2003). Diet: a healthy diet plan is required to have a healthy brain growth. The meal should be nutritious to build up the growth of the brain. Physical work: regularly exercising improves brain functioning and reduces the risk of dementia and other cognitive declines. The heart factors that can be controlled are: Blood pressure: Long term treatment is to be done in case individual is having high blood pressure problems because high blood pressure increases the risk of dementia. Body weight: Obesity should be avoided to decrease the risk. Cholesterol: Optimum level decreases the risk (Press D, et al, 2014). High cholesterol causes higher risk of dementia. Diabetes: Type 2 is associated to increased risk so it should be avoided. Smoking: Passive smoking increases the risks so it is to be avoided to have proper functioning of brain. Prevention plan of Dementia that is community focussed Prevention of dementia is hard as the cause is still unknown. Till now no cure of dementia is known. But adapting lifestyle and medication changes can decrease the risks of dementia. The prevention is based upon the early detection and the reducing of reoccurrence and the symptoms. The plan here focuses on the community which consists of young adults who can follow the following prevention steps and decrease the disease to a much larger extent. The three types of prevention methods that should be followed at each level by these young adults are as follows: Primary prevention: The disease can be prevented in the general population by encouraging community spread measures like the good nutritional status, physical fitness, immunization and keeping the environment safe (Goldman L, et al, 2014). The primary prevention methods help maintain good health and reduces the occurrence of the diseases. These method includes the basic lifestyle changes that ensure healthy brain functioning and reducing the risks associated with the occurrence of the disease. It also includes including a diet which is rich in nutrition and helps the brain to function properly. It ca Secondary prevention: It is when the detection is made at the early stage of the disease and before the symptoms occurs. There is prompt and effective intervention done to prevent disease progression (Thorgrimsen et al, 2003). The onset conditions of the disease are to be prevented. Tertiary prevention: The prevention or the minimizing the complications or the disabilities developed with the disease. These tertiary preventive measures are known to be the part of the medical treatment and the management of the condition. It includes providing medication and taking up therapies to reduce the effectiveness and symptoms of the dementia. For this prevention plan the group which is targeted is the young age form 30 to 40 years whose lifestyle, dietary patterns, early onset and then minimizing the complications if already prevailed can decrease the prevalence to a much larger extent. Services that are used up by the patients of Dementia The Dementia patients requires lot of aged care and the health service that consists of primary health care, community aged care, residential care and the hospital care. According to a in 2008 study the care packages that were taken up by the patient comprises of following: 14% Community Aged Care Packages 18% Extended Aged Care at Home 88% Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia The other services which was used up includes the health care service, home and the community care, Community nursing service, Aged care services. The services taken up by the Aboriginal Australians is very less. However if the services are taken up by them the information gathered about it is very less. The services which the Aboriginal used included support from community, diagnostics, management and the residential care of the old people. Treatment On time diagnosis is must in order to have accurate care and medication. In reality there is no cure for it but the interventions that improves the condition are though available. The medication falls in two categories. These are on drugs or non drugs. The drug intervention targets cognitive functions, behavioral and psychological symptom and the other disease occurring on side (Seeher et al. 2011). The results improves or declines the cognitive functions but the progression of the disease is not stopped. The other behavioral features like aggression agitation, illness, depression and anxiety are balance. Anti psychotics drugs are used up to handle extreme behaviors and the sedative effects. Evidences show that some people are benefited with these medicines but al though they face some side effects also that consists of occurrence of stroke and death. Non drug intervention report to improve the cognitive signs like cognitive training, validation therapy, reminiscence therapy, validation therapy and physical exercises. The evidences about these non interventions are not known yet. Studies show that if an individual is engaged more in cognitive activities than the risk of having dementia is decreased. The people who are already the patients of dementia there cognitive training evidences are still not gathered but the studies say the improvements can be seen like better mood, better quality of life, better social functioning. The non drug treatment so as to improve behavioral and psychological changes are much more preferred than the drug interventions. So it can be said that behavioral management process will surely give results with efficiency. This consists of finding and treating the cause of bad mood swings or bad behaviors, untreated pain and other medical circumstances. Mortality Dementia is the major and the leading cause of mortality among the Australians. From the year 1997 to 2009 the number of people who died from dementia is increasing steadily form 3400 to 8700 that is from 21 to 34 deaths in a population of 100000. In the year 2009 dementia became the third largest cause of death among the Australians. However, it is to keep in mind that the part of increment occurred due to changes in coding instructions in ICD-10 and the Veterans Entitlements Act 1986 and Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004. Health message It can be seen Dementia is a disease of loneliness and is in relation to many other disease and like Alzheimers disease. Dementia prevalence can be stopped if it is prevented in early stages and a suitable treatment along with support, emotional care from the community, friends, family and other significant ones. The prevention plan that is meant for specific communities and specific age groups should be followed by every individual seriously so as to reduce the prevalence of the disease. The services can also be used up by the ones who are already the sufferers of the disease. Conclusion Summing up, it can be said that Dementia is a life threatening condition for the human beings that solely occurs due to loneliness and with age. Dementia occurs mostly in aged people as they are the one who are most isolated and free from any regular activities like work. Till now in spite of so many researches occurring everywhere in the world no cure has been found out to stop the progression or to completely abolish the disease. The only cure is to gain support from family and friends. The drug and non drug interventions though have been found out that improves the functions and improves psychological and behavioral features. The prevalence of it is constantly increasing in Australia. The risk factors along with the prevention methods should be taken in to account so as to control the spread and improve the conditions of the patients of Dementia. Many of the researches has been performed in past and many are still performed to find out the evidences and the prevalence rate. But st ill a lot has to be done the research that could find a cure and should halt the progression is still to be found. References Berr C, Wancata J, Ritchie K. Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Europe.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol2005;15:46371. Books.Goldman L, et al. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 28, 2014. DoHA (Department of Health and Ageing) 2010a. National mental health report, 2010. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Draper B 2011. Understanding Alzheimers and other dementias. Australia: Longueville Harvey RJ, Skelton-Robinson M, Rossor MN. The prevalence and causes of dementia in people under the age of 65 years.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2003;74:12069. Neal, M; Briggs, M (2003). "Validation therapy for dementia.".The Cochrane database of systematic reviews(3): CD001394. Preventing Alzheimer's disease: What do we know? National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/preventing-alzheimers-disease/introduction. Accessed Sept. 2, 2014. Press D, et al. Treatment of dementia. https://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Aug. 29, 2014. Ratnavalli E et al. (2002). "The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia".Neurology58(11): 161521. Sager MA, Hermann BP, La Rue A, Woodard JL (2006)."Screening for dementia in community-based memory clinics"(PDF).Wisconsin medical journal105(7): 259 Seeher K, Whithall A Brodaty H 2011. The dementia research mapping project: the 2010 update fi nal report.Canberra: Dementia Collaborative Research Centre Thorgrimsen, L; Spector, A; Wiles, A; Orrell, M; Wiles, Anne; Orrell, Martin (2003). "Aroma therapy for dementia".The Cochrane database of systematic reviews(3): CD003150 Weitzel T, Robinson S, Barnes MR et al. (2011). "The special needs of the hospitalized patient with dementia".Medsurg Nurs20(1): 138; quiz 19.

With the Old Breed Essay Example

With the Old Breed Paper Firstly, it is necessary to outline that it is difficult to describe â€Å"With the Old Breed† by Sledge, because the book is too analytical and controversial. The book is, certainly, the memoirs of the author from the World War II. The book is descriptive and filled with detailed overview pf the subject in question meaning that the book presents all horrible even and difficulties of war without wrapping them up in general emotionless phrases. The author suggests that â€Å"to orient the reader to the larger war that raged around me and to be sure I had the names and places right†. The author admits that the book is personal account of experienced combat, his being an infantryman in mortar team. Actually, â€Å"With the Old Breed† presents a stirring account of bravery and courage of the Marines in the battles of Okinawa and Peleliu. The memoir begins with admitting that the author, like many other of his generation, wad â€Å"prompted by a deep feeling of uneasiness that the war might be over before [he] could get overseas into combat†. In the result Sledge joined the Marines and appeared in Atlanta. Author’s descriptions of war are vivid and make reads think about sense of life and war in particular. For example, the author portrays flies feasting over the soldiers’ corpses, his â€Å"admission of being ordered to dig a fox hole in a particular spot on Okinawa† as well as burials of Japanese soldiers. The book is filled with many awful revelations: the author says he was ordered to dig through corpses and to continue digging until he accomplishes the task. We will write a custom essay sample on With the Old Breed specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on With the Old Breed specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on With the Old Breed specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, the war is presented as ruthless and unnecessary events in the world. Other awful examples are provided to amplify author’s descriptions and details. It goes without saying that author doesn’t glory war and combat. Furthermore, he wins no medals, though he wins respect of his fellows. The author can’t be characterized by patriotism, youthful courage and idealism. Therefore, the book is surely a struggle for survival. References Sledge, E. B. (2004). With the Old Breed: at Peleliu and Okinawa. New York: Bruce and Co.

The Role of an Artist Anne Deavere Smith and Tod Hackett

The Role of an Artist Anne Deavere Smith and Tod Hackett There are so many writers and artists, who share their talents and ideas with other people and help to comprehend this life better and properly. The role of an artist is not that easy indeed: so many things have to be taken into consideration, and so many facts should be used in order to make a work really significant. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of an Artist: Anne Deavere Smith and Tod Hackett specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anna Deavere Smith is one of those artists, who not only analyze current situations and criticize someone, but also clearly define own functions and abilities. Such approach to work makes her worthy of this world and interesting to her readers. In her â€Å"Introduction† to Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992, she introduces her work, identifies the purposes of this writing, and also speculates upon her own role as an artist in this world. In comparison to one literary character, Tod Hackett from The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West, Anna Deavere Smith does not want to lose her mind and be guided by the current events; she is ready to prove her points of view and do everything possible to achieve her purposes and be interesting for her readers. In order to create Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992, Anna Deavere Smith conducted more than 170 interviews and presented captivating facts about the unrest, which happened in Los Angeles during the April, 1992. In the introductory part of the work, the author admits that â€Å"Theater can mirror society. But in order to do so theater must embrace diversity.† (Smith, xviii) This is why in order to become a sophisticated writer, it is crucially important to be original and use own potential to its full extend. Anna Deavere Smith makes a wonderful attempt to present what her work will be all about, and her explanation helps to create more or less concrete picture about her attitudes to work and her preferences. â⠂¬Å"Basing my scripts entirely on this interview material, I perform the interviews on stage using their own words.† (Smith, xvii) So, the reader gets a clear understanding that Smith is not going to describe or portray something. She concentrates more on performance but not on describing and using her own ideas. It is not a sign that she is not able to create something own. This approach to the work underlines another point – she is mature enough to combine the ideas of absolutely different people, present a valuable source of information, and amaze the reader. To my mind, her attention to the details and the ways information is presented say a lot about her professionalism and writing abilities. What is most influences my decisions about what to include is how an interview text works as physical, audible, performable vehicle. Words are not an end in themselves. They are means to evoking the character of the person who spoke them. every person that I include in the bo ok, and who I perform, has a presence that is much more important than the information they give. (Smith, xxviii-xxiv)Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She does care about the reader and tries to take into consideration various points of view. Anna Deavere Smith values her role as an artist as a very significant point, because it is important to be able to speak and consider other standpoints and introduce these flows of ideas to people, who are interested. Smith considers herself as an observe and should follow certain traditions and style, but still, she is ready to prove, reader to show, and ready to share her abilities with the other in the sphere she likes most of all. In comparison to Anna Deavere Smith, Tod Hackett is considered to be a bit weak person, who does not want to use all his potential in order to achieve the desirable purpose. This is why Anna Smith an d Tod are two antonymic characters in literature, who comprehend the role of an artist in absolutely different ways and, at the same time, provide the reader with an opportunity to analyze art and literature from different perspectives. Tod Hackett is not a writer, but painter. He comes to Hollywood in order to create, but has to work as an illustrator in one studio. â€Å"Despite of his appearance, he was really a very complicated young man with a whole set of personalities, one inside the other like a nest of Chinese boxes.† (West, 2) Tod’s consciousness is not that easy to comprehend, and his ideas turn out to be rather captivating for the reader. In The Day of the Locust, Tod Hackett evaluates his role as an artist not that significant. He is suppressed with violence, inherent to Hollywood of the 1930s, he cannot concentrate on his personal desires and interests, and all his searching to become a successful painter are frustrating because of mutual degradation an d commodification of romance and human beauty. Violence and sexual attraction – this is what turns out to be crucially important for people. Tod defines his work to represent this angry and sad people, who are going to destroy the city they live in. Physical discontent and power are combined within one and the same person. He is not ready to getting any power and controlling it, this is why his attitude to his place and role in this world as an artist is not that significant as Anna Deavere Smith’s is.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of an Artist: Anne Deavere Smith and Tod Hackett specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evaluation of art and literature is one of the most difficult and interesting things for any writer. To my mind, art and literature are the things, which make this world better and safer. With the help of various pieces of art, people get more opportunities to learn on someoneâ₠¬â„¢s mistakes and improve own life; to concentrate on some details and use such awareness in life; to find different ways to demonstrate feelings and be able to forgive. I value literature and art because it provides me with a good choice to know more and even teaches me how to share my own feelings and abilities with the others. People should have a chance to be educated, and literature and art are one of the possible means to get education. Without any doubts, the role of an artist is really great. In order to become a successful writer or painter, it is crucially important to evaluate the world and people around, take into consideration personal abilities and preferences, and be ready to prove own positions and points of view. Anna Deavere Smith presents a wonderful story, in the introduction of which, she values literature and her role in it, choosing different approaches, not inherent to all writers. Tom Hackett, a character of The Day of the Locust, demonstrates another att itude to the role of an artist and proves that sometimes people may be changed by circumstances and do not find the necessary way out. Literature is something, the reader can learn from. Art helps us to concentrate on details and enjoy from any piece of this life. This is why it is very important to value literature and art and do anything possible to develop and improve it. Smith, Anna, D. Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992. Anchor, 1994. West, Nathanael. The Day of the Locust. Buccaneer Books, 1981.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

A Gerund Is a Verb and a Noun in One

A Gerund Is a Verb and a Noun in One A Gerund Is a Verb and a Noun in One A Gerund Is a Verb and a Noun in One By Mark Nichol A gerund is a verb that also functions as a noun. For example, one can say one is engaged in the act of writing, but one can also say that what one is doing is a thing called writing. A gerund can be part of the subject of a sentence (â€Å"Writing takes a lot of effort†) or part of the object (â€Å"I’ve done a lot of writing†). Most writers generally employ gerunds without difficulty, but one aspect of their use can be confusing: the genitive case. In the genitive case, the pronoun associated with the gerund takes a different form than it would when associated with the same word used as a verb. For example, when expressing that you listened to some people talking, you would write, â€Å"I heard them talking.† However, if you are emphasizing talking as a thing rather than an action, you would write, â€Å"I heard their talking.† Or, consider the difference between â€Å"They heard it breaking† (breaking is a verb) and â€Å"They heard its breaking† (breaking is a gerund). Writers should also make a distinction with possessive forms of nouns: â€Å"The girl shouting awakened her parents† uses shouting as a verb (girl is the subject); in â€Å"The girl’s shouting awakened her parents,† however, shouting is a gerund (and shouting, not girl, is the subject). In many instances, the difference in connotation is insignificant, but whether one employs a simple verb or uses it as a gerund can change the sense of the sentence. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names3 Types of HeadingsDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Short Answer Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short Answer Questions - Coursework Example An example of a landscape radically transformed for economic reasons is the Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet Canal. This canal was constructed on the river for the transportation of goods into the interior of the United States of America from the harbor. In the long run, humans do not benefit from such environmental changes since the construction of this canal has resulted in storm surge amplification and wetland erosion. Severe weather conditions such as those witnessed during Hurricane Katrina lead to massive loss of life and property (Jones, 2010). The social functions of kinship in traditional non-state societies may be considered unsociable and dangerously selfish because it involves dividing duties based on ones gender. This is unsociable because boys and girls will not socialize when performing their social functions and will not know how to act in each other’s company. For example in marriage the woman has the role of taking care of the children, while the father protects the family from physical harm. This is dangerous since it portrays the woman as a weaker sex. The man in society is also considered the head of the family; this means that the opinion of the woman shall not be taken into consideration. In certain religions, women are not allowed to perform certain rituals and this leaves them spiritually unfulfilled. An example of soft power is the several fast-food franchises exported to Asia and Europe such as McDonalds. This has changed the manner in which people eat whereby people prefer French fries and fried chicken. The social media in the internet has influenced the political world in the Middle East. This is evident through the â€Å"Arab Spring† that liberated several Middle Eastern countries from tyranny. Such influence turns into propaganda when these freedoms encouraged are meant to bring a nation to its knees through civil war (Jones,

Foundations of biological functioning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foundations of biological functioning - Essay Example Correlational method is considered by scientists in the experimental context as important in the process of validation. For example, if the results of an experiment can be verified through methods outside of the initial experimentation, then there is a higher chance that the conclusions reached are valid or even universal in application. Similarly, if other methodologies fail to produce corresponding results, or even produce data that conflicts with the experiment as referenced, then there may be serious dispute as to the validity of the conclusions involved. In general, experimental results should be supported across methodologies of correlation if they are to be considered valid in practice. 2) Describe the double-blind technique and state the significance of it. The double-blind technique is where neither the administrator of the medicine or the experimental behavior of the research nor the patient / participant knows whether they are part of the active experiment or a placebo tes t group. Both the experimental manager and patient or participant is â€Å"blind† as to whether they are administering or receiving a placebo drug or the real compound under testing. This is said to produce more reliable results as it removes suggestibility and subtle influences from the researchers from the data. 3) Imagine you work for a drug company that just created a medication to decrease anxiety in adults. Design an experiment using the appropriate research method that would allow you to best market your company's new pill. The clinical trial is based on two subject groups in this instance of testing an anti-anxiety medicine. The first patient group is considered to be new anxiety patients who are reporting their first contact with medical professionals for the problem of anxiety. They are given the medicine in a test study by researchers using the double-blind methods and placebos. Their recovery and improvement rate is tracked against the placebo group, and other med icines. In the second patient group, habitual sufferers of anxiety who previously failed to result in improvement with other methods of medication are tested with the new medication following the same double-blind methodology and analysis. 4) Jack was hit by a drunk driver and sustained a severe injury to his left frontal lobe. What should Jack and his family expect now? What difference, if any, might Jack's age make on the situation? The left-frontal lobe is related predominately to language processing and higher critical thinking in the brain, and thus following this injury it can be expected for acute language disruption in speaking, vocabulary memory, and even self-identity structures related to language, as well as motor-coordination problems. Age is a minor factor to consider when structural anatomical damage is present. The ability of the brain to re-route and repair functionality around the missing and damaged pieces of the brain is not overly-determined by age, though young er patients may relearn these abilities easier. 5) Explain at least three of the following techniques used to study the brain: EEG, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, fMRI. What is the significance of these brain-imaging techniques? The EEG or Electroencephalogram measures mental activity through electronic sensors or electrodes placed around the outside of the skull and transferred into patterns of change by monitoring machines. MRI or Magnetic Resonance

Social Policy Essay Example for Free

Social Policy Essay Explain the meaning of the term ‘social policy’ and discuss how social policy is applied in practice, drawing upon the major milestones in the development of the British welfare state. For the purpose of this assignment I intend to discuss in great detail social policy and how it is applied in practice, using examples from mainly voluntary sectors. I will also discuss the introduction of the Beverage report in 1948 and Margaret Thatcher’s move to the new right approach in 1979 in regards to being the two major milestones within the development of the welfare state. Social Policy is a study of the social services and the welfare state, the welfare state being anything that helps people get back on their feet after hardship, this is not always in regards to money it can sometimes relate to resources. Social Policy it looks at socially constructed issues such as divorce, unemployment, crime and it aims to improve them by making positive changes. Social policy also looks at vulnerable people in society such as single parents, elderly people, disabled people and looks at ways in which they can be supported. Social policy is not always legislation it can be looked at more along the lines of trial and error, almost like guidelines or aims something to be worked towards achieving. It is not always effective depending on how beneficial or valuable it is and whether or not people choose to conform. Although most sociologist wouldn’t agree on social policy and the definitions may vary depending on whether the sociologist is left or right wing. Left wing approach supports social equality and discourages hierarchy, whilst looking out for and supporting disadvantaged individuals within society. In contrast to this is the right wing approach which accepts hierarchy and social inequalities, and views them as inevitable. It is very much a functionalist approach seeing hierarchy as necessary for society to function. Ways in which social policy is put into place are through projects such as The New Economic Foundation also known as the NEF they work with people within society as well as the government, businesses and academic sources to help improve society as a whole tackling all areas surrounding the nvironment, economy and society. NEF are an independent registered charity who are funded by, grants and donations, individual followers and earned income â€Å"Our individual supporters gave a total of ? 121,860 this year† (NEF, 2013). There is also David Cameron’s Big Society, which aims to concentrate on welfare being provided more through voluntary sectors rather than the state, this in turn aims to give communities more control over issues such as public service s, schools and housing. It also encourages and financially supports people working towards a better future, to enable them to improve their circumstances. â€Å"A strong, diverse, well-capitalised and sustainable social investment market in the UK, through which social sector organisations can access appropriate and affordable finance and support to grow their impact on society. † (Big society, 2013) There are believed to have been two major milestones in the development of the British welfare state, one of which was the implementation of The Beverage report in 1948, this was introduced by William Beveridge after the war to help maintain control. The Beveridge report was very much a left wing approach, based on and supported by social democracy, he had the idea that everybody needs to work together in order to reduce inequalities and believed it was the responsibility of the government to help and support citizens who needed it. He identified 5 social evils that needed to be overcome in order for society to function, Ignorance (education) , squalor (housing), want (need), idleness (unemployment) and finally disease (health) for the purpose of his assignment I will be concentrating on disease, this was combated by the introduction of the National Health Service, most commonly known as the NHS. This was introduced in 1948 and provided free healthcare for the state, it provided security from the cradle to the grave. The second of the major milestones was Margaret Thatcher’s move to the new right approach in 1979, as a conservative her approach was very much a right wing approach, she questioned the social democracy, she reduced welfare spending and she sold off council houses. Margaret Thatcher also challenged the method of delivering welfare. Social democracy which was favoured by the UK government following the war was based on the theory of John Keynes  and was implemented through the Beveridge report, this theory believed it was necessary for the government to intervene within the economy and thought society should work together to help each other, the strong supporting the weak. The new right theory which was dominant in 1979, supported the capitalist system and believed it was cable of providing wealth for everyone, they believe that the government should not intervene with the market system via taxes, or welfare as the market system makes sure prices and wages meet supply and demand ensuring employment for all. It sees the welfare state as being unnecessary and although it shouldn’t be eliminated entirely they believe it should follow a residual model, which is basically only the deserving poor should be given minimal benefits, thus making the rich richer and he poor poorer. Margaret Thatcher’s challenging attitude towards the delivery method of welfare introduced welfare pluralism, also known as mixed economy welfare, meaning that the welfare is not provided only by the state it is made up of 4 different sectors. Government agencies, which is the welfare state, advantages of this would be that there is very little chance of bankruptcy within this sector as the government can raise taxes to maintain welfare for those who require it, this way of providing welfare also ensures that only qualified individuals can work within this sector maintaining a high standard of care which can be equally distributed throughout the whole country, the disadvantages of this method of welfare are that specialist care such as elderly people is overlooked and it is possible that they would benefit more from voluntary care rather than the state, it creates higher taxes as people now have longer life expectancies and it can also create dependency upon the state giving people no motivation. Voluntary Organisations, which is charities this can be cheaper as volunteers and donations are used, and as previously discussed can attend to specific needs better than the state such as elderly, people suffering with HIV or dea ling with domestic abuse. Disadvantages of this are that if the charity fails to get funding the care may not be available long term, also due to funding welfare may not be distributed evenly across the country. In addition to this volunteers may lack qualifications and training. Private Sector, which is profit making companies because of their profit making nature the quality of care can often be better in the hopes to attract business, there is also more of an element of choice within this sector. Although like the voluntary sector if the business ends the service provided will be terminated, and the private sector is only really available to those with money. Informal Sector, this is where welfare is provided by the family. Although it promotes independence and saves the government money it is very much a New Right view upon which the care responsibilities fall on women and in some cases young children who are more often than not lacking in resources. As you can see Margaret Thatcher and William Beveridge had a huge impact on the development of the British welfare state, whether some would agree or disagree that all changes where positive they have never the less influenced the British society we live in today. Although there is still controversy in regards to certain aspects of the welfare state, recently there has been argument by Iain Duncan Smith, the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in regards to pensioners and their benefits â€Å"Wealthy elderly people who do not need benefits to help with fuel bills, TV licences or free travel should return the money, the work and pensions secretary says. † (BBC, 2013). This has created huge controversy as people feel that after such a long time of paying into the system that they are deserving of these benefits and may also discourage people from paying into the system in future, this is a situation in which the trial and error of social policy would be applicable. Reference List: NEF. (2013). Who funds us. [Online]Available: http://www. neweconomics. org/pages/who-funds-us. [Accessed 10th May 2013]. Big Society Capital. (2013). OUR VISION AND MISSION. [Online] Available from: http://www. bigsocietycapital. com/our-vision-and-mission. [Accessed 10th May 2013]. BBC News UK. (2013). Iain Duncan Smith urges wealthy elderly to hand back benefits. [Online] Available from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-22327335. [Accessed: 10th May 2013].

The Personality I Identify with from the Old Testament Essay -- David

Introduction The personality that I identify with from the Old Testament is David. I was drawn to this character because of his sportsmanship. The universal principles that I learned from him are hard work, perseverance, respect, and pride. These characteristics affect my view of the world, my work, studies, relationships, and life. This paper specifically draws from David’s actions towards Saul, when Saul was trying to kill him. What Draws Me To David My main draw to David is his sportsmanship towards Saul. Saul was very jealous of David because the people of Israel loved him more than they loved Saul. His jealousy lead to Saul trying to have David killed many times. But do to David’s good sportsmanship he would not take the life of Saul when Saul was sleeping and unprepared for battle. David had more than one chance to take Saul’s life. According to 1 Samuel 24:4, â€Å"Then David crept up unnoticed and cut off a corner of Saul’s robe.†(Bible) Verse 1 Samuel 26:7-8 says, â€Å"So David and Abishai came to the people by night: and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the place of the wagons, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him. Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered up thine enemy into thy hand this day: now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear to the earth at one stroke, and I will not smite him the second time.†(Bible) David and I have the same sportsmanship qualities. I will not hurt someone when they are down just like David. Verse 1 Samuel 26:8 explains how I feel about revenge on someone. I think a person will get what they have coming when the time is right, just like David. Principles Learned Studying David ... ...age for myself. Holding doors, waiting calmly in line, or letting people in front of me on the highway are a few small examples of putting others before myself. Conclusion In closing, what draws me to David is that David and I have the same sportsmanship values. We both feel it is wrong to kick someone when they are down and respect our opponent or opposition. David has showed me principle values like hard work, perseverance, pride, and confidence while I studied his life. Bibliography: Bibliography Thomas, Jim (2000) Coffeehouse Theology, Harvest House Publishers. Colson, Charles (1999) How Now Shall We Live?, Tyndale House. Trade Life Books (2000) Is That Your Final Answer?, Trade Life Books. The Bible (1985) The Bible, Zondervan Bible Publishers. Merrill, Eugene (1991) Historical Survey Of The Old Testament 2nd edition, Baker Book House.

Principles of communication in adult social care settings Essay

Assignment overview In this assignment, you will complete tasks to demonstrate your knowledge of the importance of effective communication in adult social care settings, and ways to overcome barriers to meet individual needs, wishes and preferences in communication. You will also address the principles and practices relating to confidentiality. Tasks There are two tasks to this assignment. A Short answer questions B Case study This is a summary of the evidence required for the unit. Task Evidence Learning outcomes covered A Short answer questions 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 B Case study 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 Task B Case study You are a social care worker and a service user, Hannah, tells you that she is unhappy taking her new medication as she thinks she does not need it and so she is throwing it away. You know from her care plan that Hannah does need to take the medication regularly and gets confused. Hannah begs you to keep this confidential and not tell anyone especially her daughter, who she sees regularly, as her daughter will be very angry. Bi How would you explain the term ‘confidentiality’ to Hannah? Marks Confidentiality means that what ever you tell me will be kept in the strictest security however it may need to be told to a select few people to ensure your safety and that of the people around you. It would not be told to anyone that does not need to know. Bii Identify the range of people who may need to know about Hannah’s situation, and describe any tensions that may occur if the information is shared. Marks The people that would need to be informed of the service users condition could include line manager, regular carers, doctors, social worker and family members but only if relevant permission is granted by service user or law. This may cause tension in the family if they feel it is there right to know what is going on with the service user even when there is no consent from service user or legally. Biii Describe ways to maintain confidentiality in day to day communication. Read more:  Describe Strategies That Can Be Used to Clarify Misunderstandings Marks Ensure you only talk about the service user when it is required with the correct people and that it is essential that if communication is need to do it somewhere discrete and a level that is appropriate. Biv Explain when and how a social care worker should get advice about confidentiality. Marks A care worker can seek advice from their line manager, overall manager within their organisation if they feel a breach can or has occured. Or a carer can go to Citizens Advice Bureau, Government websites or CQC if they feel they can’t get the correct advice from the office and it has not been resolved . Assignment 301 Principles of communication in adult social care settings Question Booklet Task A Question and Answers Ai Identify four different reasons why people communicate. Marks The four reasons why someone may want to communicate could be: to express wants and needs, maintain relationships, feel part of society and ensure a content level of well-being. Aii Explain how effective communication can affect relationships in an adult social care setting between: a) Colleagues and other professionals Marks b) Individuals using the service and their carers Marks Effective communication is essential to maintaining the quality of life that a care user requires to enable them to stay at home and be safe. If there is any need to talk to other members of the care team it should be done in a professional and timely manner. If this isn’t adhered to clients well-being can be impacted on Effective communication between service user and carer is a day to day issue that has to be effective. If communication is not maintained a service user may lose trust and confidence leading into a break down in the relationship. Thus leading to a detrimental impact on the client. Also is good communication is not followed mistakes could occur. Aiii Using the table below, identify three ways of finding out the communication and language needs of an individual. For each method, describe how effective it is at establishing the needs of the individual. Marks Method How effective is this method? _____________________________ _____________________________________________ 1. Talk to the individual involved to see what they need and require, this is a pretty efficient method as long as the individual has their full mental  capacity. _____________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. Liaise with the family or NOK to establish the requirements, this is useful if the individual has any form of dementia, confusion or presents very well when denying when care is needed. _____________________________ ______________________________________________ 3. Put it down in writing so that all people involved can see it, follow it and discuss. If everone is following the same instructions its easier to follow ____________________________ _______________________________________________ Aiv Describe three factors to consider when promoting effective communication. Marks Three impacting factors could be the appropriate language used, the volume, pitch, tone of voice and the body language used whilst trying to communicate. Av Describe three verbal and three non verbal communication methods and styles that a social care worker may use in an adult care setting. Marks Verbal Non verbal _____________________________ _____________________________________________ 1. volume eye contact _____________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. pitch positioning to client _____________________________ ______________________________________________ 3 language used posture ____________________________ _______________________________________________ Avi Explain why it is important to respond to an individual’s reactions during communication. Marks To show the person that you are involved with the conversation, show them that what they are saying is important, interact and to make sure you actually take in what they are saying and not just hearing them Avii Explain how an individual’s background can influence their communication methods. Marks A persons background can lead to a few differences but one of these can be the type of language used, e.g. colloquial slang or swearing Aviii Identify three examples of barriers to communication and explain how you could overcome each barrier. Barrier How it can be overcome _____________________________ _____________________________________________ 1.Deafness: You could use a communication board to convey the conversation or use basic sign language to get the meaning across. _____________________________ _____________________________________________ 2.Blindness: Ensure you are describing what you are going to do, before and during the interaction so they are aware of what your doing and where you are in relation to the service user. _____________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.Dementia: Slow your speech, clearly talk and use more simple language but do this without talking down and being patronising. ____________________________ _______________________________________________ Aix Describe two strategies that you could use to clarify misunderstandings. Marks Apologise for any misunderstandings and you could either reiterate any instructions given and ensure clarity or write it down to ensure all is clearly shown. Ax A social care worker wants to enable more effective communication with individuals using the service. Explain how they could access extra support or services that may be helpful. Marks They could talk to a social worker, doctor or community liaison to find any  information out on any service they think maybe compatible with the service user

Classic Airlines Marketing Solution-Mkt 571

Classic Airlines Marketing Solution WK 3 MKT 571 University of Phoenix Abstract Presently Classic Airlines is one of the largest airline carriers in the world. Last year the company had a net income of $10 million dollars on operating revenues of $8. 7 billion. The year before the company had a net income of $71 million on 8. 5 billion of operating revenues (Classic Airline Scenario, 2010). The net income has decreased $61 million in one year. One of the reasons for the huge decrease in net profit is because of marketing strategies. The company needs to take three stepsto turn the company around. First it needs to analyze the internal and external pressures that has created the present crisis. Second it needs to formulate a problem-solving method, and third it needs to apply the problem-solving method to the current crisis. Analyze current situation {draw:frame} Rising costs, particularly of fuel and labor, have limited Classic Airlines to compete for the valued frequent fliers (Classic Airline Scenario, 2010). To protect the company from possible bankruptcy, a 15% cost reduction has been implementedover the next 18 months. Each department will have cuts, with marketing hardest hit at 21. 5% reduction versus sales and operations at 11. 5% (Classic Airline Scenario, 2010). The following shows the cost reduction goals by department (Classic Airline Scenario, 2010). To make sure Classic Airlines does not go into bankruptcy, the marking department needs to focus on three issues. First, the internal and external pressures causing the decrease in net income needs to be identified. A plan to decrease or eliminate the identified internal and external pressures needs to be formulated. Second, the challenges of the marketing department needs to be solved. The third and final step is to formulate financial strategies by examining possible available resources and other airline's marketing solutions. Internal and external pressures Classic Airlines is faced with many external and internal pressures. External pressures include the present consumer uncertainty about flying. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist high jacking of anAmerican commercial aircraft, every airline has suffered the worse consumer's crisis the country has ever experienced. Since the terrorist attack on airplanes, consumers have an unpleasant feeling about air safety. The travel downturn after September 11 has subsided, Classic Airlines overestimated the reversal,and expanded too quickly. That caused Classic to face a restrictive cost structure (Classic Airline Scenario, 2010). Shortly after the terrorist attack, the county entered its worse economic downturn since the Great Depression,which severely crippled the economic stability of world markets. The rising costs of fuel and labor has affected Classic Airlines ability to compete for the frequent flier. Because of increased uncertainty about flying, the economic downturn, and increased labor and fuel costs, Classic Airlines has seen a 10% decrease in share prices in the past year. Other external pressures include: fierce price cutting from competitors, negative effects of the public created low employee morale, and declining confidence of the consumers. The internal pressures includean increasingly volatile union climate and the lowest employee morale in the company's history. The financial statements including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statements shows a company headed for financial disaster. Last year the net income of the company was $10 million, however;the year before the net income was $71 million, for a decrease of $61 million in one year. To counter further financial crisis the company has mandated a 15% cost reduction over the next 18 months. If the company can't meet the 15% reduction, the company faces bankruptcy (Classic Airlines Scenario, 2010). Other internal pressures include: increasing cost of labor, low margins, poor employee morale, decrease in customer satisfaction, poor customer service management, and expensive marketing budgets. Objectives,_ obstacles, and resources available in the marketing department _ The main obstacle in achieving the marketing objectives are that Classic Airlines can't cut prices further. The profit margins can't decreased to lower levels. The company's Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is not focused on consumer satisfaction. The Customer Relationship Management department has caused faithful customers to turn to the Internet for their travel needs. Another problem is that the company is trying to avoid bankruptcy by mandating a 15% cost reduction over the next 18 months. This is marketing's biggest obstacle, to reduce costs by 15% when they need to increase marketing efforts. _Problem- solving method_ By implementing the 9-Step problem -Solving Model, Classic Airlines can solve their challenges and at the same time uncover numerous opportunities. It serves as a valuable tool for all businesses, both large and small. It identifies the problem, plans the solutions, display ethical dilemmas, and defines ensuing issues. The 9 Step problem solving model includes the following steps: Step 1) Define the problem-Knowing exactly what the problem is. Step 2) Measure the problem- Measurement of the current level of performance, to be measured against future performance, Step 3) Set the goals-Goals provide direction and must be stated in terms that are measurable. Step 4) Determine root causes-determine why the process is working the way it presently does. Step 5) Select best strategy- Select a strategy that will best solve the problem. Step 6) Implement strategy- Develop and action plan to implement the solution. Step 7) Evaluate results- Evaluate the effect of the chosen solution. Step 8) Implement appropriate changes in the process- Improves and perfects the process. Step 9) Continuous improvement- Improve the process continuously (Problem-Solving Model, 2010). To be successful in solving Classic Airline challenges, goals will be set and achieved. The goals must address the main challenges of the company including lack of sales, decrease in net income, low employee morale, downturn in the Classic Rewards program, and required budget cuts. Goals will meet the SMART standard of beingspecific, measureable, agreed upon, realistic and time-based. The goal, must be specific which means it iswell defined. Who is involved, what is to be accomplished, location, requirements and constraints should be identified and the reason the goal should be accomplished. The goal should be clear to everyone associated with the program. There must be an exact way for measuring the progress toward the goal. The goal should be agreed upon by all stakeholders and attainable, achievable, and action-oriented. The goal is realistic when people are willing and able to work for its achievement. A goal is realistic when people believe it can be accomplished in the set timeframe. The goal should be set within a certain time frame (Haughey, 2010). Classic Airlines has formulated a table of SMART questions that address the challenges of lack of sales, decrease in net income, low employee morale, downturn in the Classic Rewards program, and required budget cuts (Haughey, 2010). Marketing recommendations Classic airlines needs to cut expenses to produce a net income and avoid bankruptcy. The following are some methods of cutting costs: direct booking through the internet or call center with no sales commissions. Use uniform aircraft such as just the 737-300 airplanes, use a simple system of pricing, on the aircrafts use high seating density and load factors to be efficient, no frills such as free food or drinks, and use of secondary airports to cut charges and turnaround times. One of the ways Classic Airlines can make the airline more attractive to existing customers and new customers is to restructure the company's frequent flier program. Reforming the Classic Rewards program will be a challenge, however;the returns could turn the company around. Rewarding frequent fliers with new rewards that include various redemption options could improve consumer moral and loyalty. Classic Airlines must provide better service to all their customers, especially the frequent fliers. The goal of the company should be to retain and win back customers, provide exceptional customer service, and offer attractive alternatives to redeeming their frequent flier miles. Providing exceptional service to their frequent fliers and meeting the need of each customer is a duty and obligation of Classic Airlines. Classic Airlines should increase the number of miles Basic, Silver, and Gold members can use in a year by 10%. Classic Airlines should also decrease the number of black-out days. Without improving the frequent flier program, the company will continue to losecustomers, market share, and see net profit continue to decline. Alliance with other carriers would expand available routes and provide more options for frequent flyers to use their loyalty rewards. Alliance with other carriers could decrease its operating costs and increase net income. The company would benefit by becoming a larger company with more services. Conclusion References Classic Airline Scenario, 2010. _University of Phoenix materials-Classic Airlines Exhibit B. _ (2010_). _ Retrieved on March 22, 2010 from University of Phoenix, Resource, MKT/571- Marketing Web site: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/classroom/ic/classroom. aspx. Classic Airline Scenario, 2010. _University of Phoenix materials-Classic Scenario: Classic _ Airlines. (2010_). _ Retrieved on March 22, 2010 from University of Phoenix, Resource, MKT/571- Marketing Web site: https://ecampus. hoenix. edu/classroom/ic/classroom. aspx. Haughey, D. (2010). Smart Goals. Projectsmart. Retrieved March 23, 2010, from: http://www. projectsmart. co. uk/smart-goals. html Kotler, P. Keller, K. A framework for marketing management, 3rde. (2007). Prentice Hall. Retrieved on March 23,2010 from University of Phoenix, Resource, MKT/571-Marketing Web site: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/classroom/ic/classroom. aspx. Problem-Solving Model, 2010. BPI consulting. Retrieved on March 24, 2010 from: http://www. spcforexcel. com/problem-solving-model

5 Easy Activities for Teaching Point of View

5 Easy Activities for Teaching Point of View The perspective from which a story is told is called  its point of view.  Understanding point of view helps students effectively analyze literature,  improves their critical thinking skills, helps them  understand the author’s purpose, and increases their ability to recognize potential bias. Types of Point of View First person: The main character is telling the story. Uses words such as I, we, and me.Second person: The author is telling the story directly to the reader. Uses words such as you and your.Third person: The author is telling the story, but is not part of it. Uses words such as he, she, and they. Some third-persons narrators are all-knowing, but others have limited knowledge. Types of Point of View Children’s books can make an excellent option for teaching point of view for all grade levels because they often offer concise examples. The three main types of point of view are: First person. A  first person point of view story  is written as if it is being told by the main character and  uses words such as I, we, and me. Two examples are Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Seuss, or I Love You, Stinky Face by Lisa McCourt. Second person. A story told from the second person point of view puts the reader in the action by using words such as you and your. It can be found in titles such as The Monster at the End of This Book by Jon Stone or If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff. Third person. Stories written in third person show an outsider’s point of view using  words such as he, she, and they. Books written  in third person  include Stephanie’s Ponytail by Robert Munsch or Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathman. There are two different ways third person books may be written:  omniscient and limited. Sometimes, third person point of view  is broken  down further to objective point of view in which the author acts only as a narrator. This style is prevalent in many fairy tales.  Ã‚   In a book using omniscient point of view, the author writes from an outsider’s point of view but  offers  the perspective of multiple characters.  Blueberries for Sal by Robert McCloskey is one example. A third person limited point of view tale is written  from an outsider’s perspective, but the reader only follows the story based on what the main character knows. Harold and the Purple Crayon  by Crockett Johnson or  Bread and Jam for Frances by Russell Hoban are two  examples. Using a Point of View Anchor Chart Anchor charts are visual aids to helps students work more independently. As an instructor teaches a lesson, the core concepts and relevant facts are added to the chart. The completed anchor chart provides students with a resource to which they can refer if they have difficulty remembering the steps or concepts of a lesson. A point of view anchor chart reminds students of the different point of view types with keywords and phrases and examples of the pronouns used to indicate each type. For example, a student reading If You Give a Mouse a Cookie reads the line, â€Å"If you give a mouse a cookie, he’s going to ask for a glass of milk. When you give him the glass of milk, he’ll probably ask for a straw.† He sees the keyword â€Å"you† that indicates that the author is addressing the reader. Based on the anchor chart keywords, the student  identifies the book’s point of view as  second person. Point of View Scavenger Hunt Help students become adept at correctly identifying point of view with a scavenger hunt. Visit the library or bookstore or provide a wide assortment of children’s books in the classroom. Give students a sheet of paper and a pencil. Instruct them to work on their own or in small groups, searching for at least one example (and listing its  title and author) of a book for each point of view type. Pronoun Perspective This hands-on activity will  help students gain a more concrete understanding of the three main points of view. First, divide a whiteboard into three sections: 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person. Next, select one student to perform an everyday activity, such as making a sandwich. The student will narrate each step using first-person pronouns as he completes it. For example, â€Å"I am placing two slices of bread on a plate.† Write the student’s sentence in the 1st person column.  Then, choose other students to restate the same sentence in 2nd and 3rd person, writing their sentences in the appropriate column. Second person: â€Å"You are placing two slices of bread on a plate.† Third person:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He is placing two slices of bread on a plate.† Repeat the process for all steps of making a sandwich. Point of View Flip Help students understand how point of view changes a story. First, read or tell the traditional story of  The Three Little Pigs.  Discuss with students how the story would  change if it were being told in first person by  one of the pigs or the wolf, rather than being told in third person.   The third pig wouldn’t know anything that  happened before his brothers arrived, breathless, at his door. Is he relieved that he can help his brothers? Angry that they led the wolf to his house? Proud that his home is the strongest? After your discussion, read The True Story of the Three Little Pigs by Jon Scieszka, which relates the tale from the wolf’s point of view. Comparing Points of View Another way to help students understand point of view is to choose a book that tells the same story from multiple points of view, such as Voices in the Park by Anthony Brown. (Older students may enjoy using  Wonder by R.J. Palacio for this activity.) Read the book. Then, use a Venn diagram to compare the differences and similarities of the events based on two or more characters’ points of view.

Analysis Of Kill A Mockingbird Essay -- To Kill a Mockingbird, Famil

Southern Belles embody the eccentric ideals of the South, yet represent the epitome of respectable manners and morals for women nationwide, including most of the women characters in To Kill a Mockingbird. The cornerstone of the idea of a Southern Belle is based on stringent gender, class, and race guidelines, but underneath those divisions are the common attributes of charm, respectability, and intense passion for the well being of others (Oklopcic). True Southern Belles abide by the unwritten rules specific to their population, which include proper etiquette, manners, volunteerism, and grace. Characters such as Aunt Alexandra and Miss Maudie demonstrate these principles and attempt to instill their good graces and feminine qualities in Scout, who is the opposite of a Southern Belle. Similar to Scout, Mayella is contrary to the Southern Belle persona, but she does not choose to be the reverse of a Southern Belle. Instead, she is forced to by the challenging economic times and her fam ily’s low status on the social hierarchy. The Southern Belle is a woman of impeccable manners and morals, much of which can be contradicted by Scout and Mayella’s mannerisms, but emphasized by the beliefs of Aunt Alexandra and Miss Maudie (Lynch). The history of Southern Belles rests upon â€Å"a description, a code, a stereotype - which legitimizes and authorizes the interpretation of culture and nature, masculinity and femininity, superiority and inferiority, power and subordination† (Oklopcic). The whole idea revolves around a fear that women might rebel against the traditional system of government, in which the man holds the highest authority. If the dividing lines between superior and inferior people were to be reject... ... middle of paper ... ...y, Miss Maudie Atkinson resembles a Southern Belle with her hospitality and commitment to Jem, Scout, and Dill. In addition, she is optimistic, which is a positive feeling she inflicts on others, and is sensitive to everyone’s feeling, no matter their race. Works Cited Hakala, Laura. "Scouting for a Tomboy: Gender-Bending Behaviors in Harper Lee 's To Kill A Mockingbird." 2010. Electronic Theses Dissertations. Paper 176. 17 Dec. 2015. . Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Grand Central, 1960. Print. Lynch, Sally. "Any True Southern Belle Knows the Unwritten Rules of the South." Elon Pendulum. 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 15 Dec. 2015. . Oklopcic, Biljana. "Southern Bellehood (De)Constructed: A Case Study of Blanche Dubois." Americana. 2008. Web. 22 Dec. 2015. . Spears, Kate. "Anatomy of a Southern Belle." Deep South Magazine. 2 June 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2015. .

Strategic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic analysis - Essay Example In an organization it’s impossible to control everything therefore chaos must be expected therefore managers must expect opposition from other parties in the organization. They must be able to act democratically and be able to control their anger and emotions in order to deal with diverse reactions in the organization. Chaos also brings the attention of the top management about need to look at the issue at hands (Churchill, 1965). A dynamic system is a system that involves two parties that are in disagreement and require an external interference e.g. chaos in an organization that might require interference by the police agency. A leader can achieve order out of chaos through taking time and understand the major causes of chaos. This is through listening to the parties that are involved in the chaos together with their line of argument. This would work towards deciding on the side to take in order to solve the standoff. These parties also play a major role in giving the leader a possible solution to the chaos. It also gives the leader a variety of strategies that he/she can use in coming up with a lasting solution to the problem. Poor decision by the leader can aggravate the problem as both parties would be unsatisfied by the leader’s decision (Churchill,